伊波拉病毒傳染問與答~美國疾管局cdc

直接接觸是指接觸伊波拉病毒患者（活或死的）的體液（體液包括唾液，痰液，嘔吐物，糞便，汗液，眼淚，乳汁，尿液和精液。）及觸摸伊波拉病毒患者（活或死的）的眼睛，鼻子或嘴巴或開切傷口，傷口或擦傷口。

Direct contact means that body fluids (Body fluids include saliva, mucus, vomit, feces, sweat, tears, breast milk, urine, and semen.) from an infected person (alive or dead) have touched someone’s eyes, nose, or mouth or an open cut, wound, or abrasion.

伊波拉病毒能在體外存活多久？How long does Ebola live outside the body?

醫院級消毒劑（如家用含次氯酸鈉漂白劑）可殺死伊波拉病毒。伊波拉病毒在體外室溫下，可在被污染使用過的乾燥物體表面，如門把手和檯桌面可存活數小時；但是在體外室溫下，伊波拉病毒在體液（如血液）可存活長達數天。Ebola is killed with hospital-grade disinfectants (such as household bleach). Ebola on dried on surfaces such as doorknobs and countertops can survive for several hours; however, virus in body fluids (such as blood) can survive up to several days at room temperature.

伊波拉病毒病患痊癒後是否能夠終身免疫？是否會再重覆感染－相同或不同的病毒株？Are patients who recover from Ebola immune for life? Can they get it again - the same or a different strain?

伊波拉病毒病患的痊癒取決於良好的支持性療法和患者的個人免疫反應。現有的證據顯然，伊波拉病毒病患痊癒後體內至少能維持10年的抗體，可能更長。Recovery from Ebola depends on good supportive clinical care and a patient’s immune response. Available evidence shows that people who recover from Ebola infection develop antibodies that last for at least 10 years, possibly longer.

我們不知道伊波拉病毒病患痊癒後是否能夠終身免疫？是否會再重覆感染不同型的伊波拉病毒株？ We don’t know if people who recover are immune for life or if they can become infected with a different species of Ebola.

如果有倖存的伊波拉病毒病患痊癒後，還會傳播伊波拉病毒？

If someone survives Ebola, can he or she still spread the virus?

一旦伊波拉病毒病患痊癒後，他們再也不會傳播病毒。然而，伊波拉病毒可在精液中持續出現長達3個月。伊波拉病毒病患痊癒後禁止性行為或使用避孕套3個月。Once someone recovers from Ebola, they can no longer spread the virus. However, Ebola virus has been found in semen for up to 3 months. People who recover from Ebola are advised to abstain from sex or use condoms for 3 months.

伊波拉病毒會透過蚊子傳播？

Can Ebola be spread through mosquitos?

沒有任何證據顯示，蚊子或其他昆蟲可以傳播伊波拉病毒。只有哺乳動物（例如，人類，蝙蝠，猴子和猿）顯現傳播和感染伊波拉病毒的能力。There is no evidence that mosquitos or other insects can transmit Ebola virus. Only mammals (for example, humans, bats, monkeys and apes) have shown the ability to spread and become infected with Ebola virus.

資料來源:伊波拉病毒傳染問與答~美國疾管局cdc：

Q&As on Transmission/Ebola/CDC/

http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/transmission/qas.html